E-bike classes
Most three-class states share the same big ideas: how fast the motor helps, whether a throttle is allowed, and where bikes may be restricted. The numbers below match the usual federal-style framework — your state may tweak definitions.
| Topic | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max assisted speed | 20 mph (motor stops helping at this speed) | 20 mph (motor stops helping at this speed) | 28 mph (pedal-assist only under typical rules) |
| Throttle | No — motor assists only when you pedal | Yes — can power the bike without pedaling | No — must pedal to get assist (typical three-class) |
| Pedal-assist | Required for motor use | Optional — throttle can work alone | Required — higher-speed road-style assist |
| Typical use | Paths, commuting, mellow terrain | Riders who want throttle control; check trail bans | Roads, bike lanes; often restricted on multi-use paths |
Class 1
Pedelec style
The motor amplifies your pedaling and cuts out at 20 mph. Great for riders who want a natural bike feel and maximum compatibility on mixed-use trails — still read local signs.
Class 2
Throttle + low speed
Throttle lets you start and cruise without pedaling, but regulated bikes still cap assist at 20 mph. Some land managers treat throttles differently than Class 1.
Class 3
Speed pedelec
Faster pedal-assist for street riding. Expect stricter helmet and age rules and more path restrictions. Often includes a speedometer requirement in statute — check your state.
Why definitions matter
If your bike exceeds power or speed limits, it may be treated as a moped, motorcycle, or motorized vehicle — changing registration, insurance, and where you may ride. Always match your bike's specs to your state statute.
Next step: Check your state for place-specific notes.